I would argue that these two hadiths are both referring to the same phases this Ummah will pass:through:
روى الإمام أحمد عن النعمان بن البشير رضي الله عنه ( تَكُونُ النُّبُوَّةُ فِيكُمْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ خِلَافَةٌ عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ النُّبُوَّةِ ، فَتَكُونُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ مُلْكًا عَاضًّا، فَيَكُونُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ الله ُأَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ مُلْكًا جَبْرِيّاً ، فَتَكُونُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ خِلَافَةٌ عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ النُّبُوَّةِ ، ُثمَّ سَكَتَ ).
And in the famous hadith of Hudhayfah bin al-Yamaan:
كَانَ النَّاسُ يَسْأَلُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْخَيْرِ، وَكُنْتُ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الشَّرِّ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَنِي، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا كُنَّا فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَشَرٍّ، فَجَاءَنَا اللَّهُ بِهَذَا الْخَيْرِ فَهَلْ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْخَيْرِ مِنْ شَرٍّ؟ ، قَالَ: “نَعَمْ” ، قُلْتُ: وَهَلْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الشَّرِّ مِنْ خَيْرٍ؟ ، قَالَ: “نَعَمْ، وَفِيهِ دَخَنٌ”، قُلْتُ: وَمَا دَخَنُهُ؟ ، قَالَ: “قَوْمٌ يَهْدُونَ بِغَيْرِ هَدْيِي تَعْرِفُ مِنْهُمْ وَتُنْكِرُ”، قُلْتُ: فَهَلْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْخَيْرِ مِنْ شَرٍّ؟ ، قَالَ: “نَعَمْ ، دُعَاةٌ عَلَى أَبْوَابِ جَهَنَّمَ مَنْ أَجَابَهُمْ إِلَيْهَا قَذَفُوهُ فِيهَا”، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، صِفْهُمْ لَنَا، قَالَ: “هُمْ مِنْ جِلْدَتِنَا، وَيَتَكَلَّمُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِنَا”، قُلْتُ: فَمَا تَأْمُرُنِي إِنْ أَدْرَكَنِي ذَلِكَ؟ ، قَالَ: “تَلْزَمُ جَمَاعَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِمَامَهُمْ” ، قُلْتُ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ جَمَاعَةٌ وَلَا إِمَامٌ؟ قَالَ: “فَاعْتَزِلْ تِلْكَ الْفِرَقَ كُلَّهَا ، وَلَوْ أَنْ تَعَضَّ بِأَصْلِ شَجَرَةٍ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَكَ الْمَوْتُ وَأَنْتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ”
The first “evil after the good”, surely refers to the great rift that ruptured the Believers during the fitnah between ‘Ali and Mu’awiyyah. The “good after the evil” likely refers to the khilafah of the oppressive kings which ended in 1924. The character of government up until then had aspects we recognized as Islamic, and aspects which were not Islamic at all.
That brings us to the phase of the “evil after the tainted good”. The stage of the Mulk Jabaryy; and Rasulullah ﷺ did not say that we would recognize anything from them, and that they will be callers at the Gates of Hell who are not to be responded to.
When Hudhayfah asked Rasulullah ﷺ about what to do in the absence of a unified Jama’ah under an Imam, Rasulullah ﷺ did not assure him that this situation would not arise, but rather affirmed that it would, and instructed that whoever lives in that period should not affiliate himself with any of “those sects”.
Indeed we are in an era of sects, one prominent form of this is nationalism. What had been provincial governates under a single authority prior to 1924, have lost this cohesion, and now imagine themselves as distinct and separate nations.
The governments these geographically-defined sects established are as illegitimate as the sects themselves.
As in the hadith, given the nature of power dynamics in the world today, these geo-sectarian governments are necessarily Mulk Jabaryy, both imposed by force, and subject to external coercion. They are dependent and subordinate servants of multinational corporations and financial institutions and obedient to those who are destined for the Fire. Yes, they are Callers at the Gates of Hell, and whoever responds to them will be cast into the Fire.
This is as strong an anti-state message as I can imagine.